![]() The discovery seems to have come about by accident, in the course of exploring the properties of the ammoniated tobaccos used in the preparation of reconstituted tobacco sheet (“recon”). 2 The tobacco industry has for many years used ammonia as a relatively innocuous additive to augment certain flavors, to economize on costs by expanding or “puffing” the cured leaf, to denicotinize (reduce the amount of nicotine in) tobacco, and even to reduce some of the carcinogens in tobacco smoke.īy the early 1960s, however, Philip Morris scientists had discovered that ammonia could also be used to increase the free nicotine in cigarette smoke, providing a more powerful nicotine kick than the milder low-pH tobaccos traditionally used in American-blend cigarettes. Although toxic in large doses, ammonia is relatively easy to remove from processed tobacco leaves the gaseous form is quite volatile, and the salt is easily neutralized by the addition of an acid. 1 The compound is also commonly used as a tobacco additive, either in its native form as a clear, pungent gas (NH 3, an ingredient in smelling salts) or as an aqueous or solid ammonium salt (NH 4 +). We also show how Marlboro’s commercial success catalyzed efforts by the rest of the tobacco industry to discover its “secret,” eventually identified as ammonia technology, and how Philip Morris later exploited the myriad uses of ammonia (e.g., for flavoring and expanding tobacco volume) to defend itself against charges of manipulating the nicotine deliveries of its cigarettes.ĪMMONIA OCCURS NATURALLY in cured tobacco leaf, from close to 0% in some varieties up to about 1% (by weight) in the leaves used in some higher-quality cigars. We show that Philip Morris discovered the virtues of freebasing while analyzing the impact of the ammoniated recon used in Marlboro cigarettes. In mid-2006, special "racing editions" of Marlboro Red were sold in the UK, with a Ferrari-inspired design, although the Ferrari name and badge were not used.Philip Morris and other tobacco companies have been using ammonia in their manufacturing for more than half a century, and for a variety of purposes: to highlight certain flavors, to expand or “puff up” the volume of tobacco, to prepare reconstituted tobacco sheet (“recon”), to denicotinize (reduce the amount of nicotine in) tobacco, and to remove carcinogens.īy the early 1960s, however, Philip Morris had also begun using ammonia to “freebase” the nicotine in cigarette smoke, creating low-yield (reduced-tar or -nicotine) cigarettes that still had the nicotine kick necessary to keep customers “satisfied” (i.e., addicted). Marlboro are generally credited as being among the most important of sponsors to the world of Formula 1 (and motor racing in general) in terms of the amount of financial backing given to various competitors. During the 2007 GP2 Series Season, ART Grand Prix was also sponsored by Marlboro. Marlboro also has a long history in rallying sponsorship, including with the factory World Rally Championship teams of Toyota, Mitsubishi, and Peugeot. As of the 2009 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season, they are only allowed to put the Marlboro brand the bikes in Qatar. Marlboro currently sponsors the Ducati MotoGP. In Motorcycling Grand Prix, Marlboro sponsored the Yamaha team in 500cc and 250cc class. The Marlboro branding gave rise to some of Australia's most prominently recognizable race cars such as the 元4 and A9X Torana, as well as the VK Group C "Big Banger" Commodore. Marlboro also sponsored the Australian Marlboro Holden Dealer Team from 1974 through to 1984. Although Marlboro does not sponsor Team Penske, Philip Morris USA is still Team Penske's main sponsor. ![]() Where 'Marlboro Penske' appeared on the side of the cars, 'Team Penske' replaced it. The Penske team will retain the color scheme. ![]() For the 2007 season, Marlboro had ended their sponsorship of the Penske Cars. ![]() In 2006, a Marlboro-sponsored car won the Indianapolis 500. The Penske cars in the Indy Racing League (IRL) currently run in Marlboro's distinctive red and white colors. Marlboro sponsorship in Champ Car (also known as 'CART' and 'Ind圜ar' at that time) dates back to 1986. Penske driven by Emerson Fittipaldi in 1993.
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